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Nord-Marianene
Nord-Marianene er et samvelde i politisk forening med USA.
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SamveldeSamvelde kan være betegnelse på en nasjon, stat, delstat, republikk, føderasjon eller konføderasjon.
Ordet «samvelde» kommer fra det engelske commonwealth (egentlig common wealth eller common weal). Commonwealth er et oversettelseslån fra latin res publica, som er blitt til ordet republikk.
Betegnelsen benyttes idag om Samveldet (tidl. Det bristiske samveldet) og Samveldet av uavhengige stater. I tillegg benyttes det engelske ordet commonwealth som offisiell betegnelse på Australia, Bahamas, Dominica, Puerto Rico, Nord-Marianene, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania og Virginia.
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Super bowl xxxvii
Super Bowl XXXVII was the 37th Super Bowl, the championship game of the National Football League (NFL). The game was played on January 26, 2003 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California following the 2002 regular season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders, 48–21.
Raiders' quarterback Rich Gannon threw a Super Bowl record five interceptions, three of which were returned for touchdowns. Bucs safety Dexter Jackson, who had two of those interceptions, was named Super Bowl MVP. Dwight Smith also had two interceptions for Tampa Bay, which were both returned for touchdowns.
Super Bowl XXXVII is sometimes refered to as the "Gruden Bowl" because the primary storyline surrounding the game centered around Jon Gruden. Gruden was the Raiders head coach from 1998 to 2001 and then became the Buccaneers coach in 2002. Thus, it was "Gruden's old team" versus "Gruden's new team".
Background
Gruden helps rebuild the Raiders
After moving back to Oakland, California in 1995, the Raiders suffered sub-par seasons, including a 4-12 record in 1997. Team owner Al Davis then hired Gruden to inject life into the Raiders. Under Gruden's leadership, the Raiders improved to 8-8 in both 1998 and 1999. The team was further boosted in 1999 with the signing of veteran quarterback Rich Gannon. With Gannon under the helm, the team jumped to the 5th best offense in the league.
The Raiders won the AFC West in the 2000 with a 12-4 record and with the best rushing offense in the league. However, they lost the AFC Championship Game to the eventual Super Bowl XXXV winner Baltimore Ravens, 16-3. Then, after signing veteran Pro Bowl wide receiver Jerry Rice, the team repeated as AFC West champions in 2001. But they were eliminated in the playoffs by the New England Patriots in what became known as the "The Tuck Game", in which a potential game-ending fumble recovery by the Raiders was overturned by instant replay.
Gruden is "traded" to the Buccaneers
Davis was known to have the lowest salaries for head coaches in the league, and Gruden was no exception. Instead of paying a high salary for Gruden, Davis opted to trade the rights for Gruden to the Buccaneers in exchange for draft picks, in a deal similar to what Patriots owner Robert Kraft made with the New York Jets to get head coach Bill Belichick in 2000. The Buccaneers ended up giving four high draft choices and $8 million to the Raiders to get Gruden. But Tampa Bay was desperate to have someone rebuild their offense so it would complement their powerful defense in an attempt to win the Super Bowl.
For most of its history, the Buccaneers were regarded as losers, only making the playoffs 3 times in their first 20 seasons. But all that changed when the team hired Tony Dungy as head coach in 1996. Dungy rebuilt the defense around a core group of players such as lineman Warren Sapp, linebacker Derrick Brooks, and defensive backs Ronde Barber and John Lynch. By 1997, Tampa Bay ranked 3rd in the league in total yards allowed, 2nd in 1998, and 3rd in 2000.
With one of the best defenses in the league, Dungy helped guide the Buccaneers to 4 playoff appearances in his 5 years as the team's head coach. But the team always had one of the worst offenses in the league, and was a major factor in their playoff losses. Thus, Dungy was fired and replaced by Gruden.
Still, even Gruden had trouble getting the offense in sync during his first year as Tampa Bay's head coach. In 2002, the Buccaneers ranked 25th in the league in total yards gained (5,222). Quarterback Brad Johnson had decent numbers and made the Pro Bowl, completing 281 out of 451 passes for 3,049 yards, 22 touchdowns, and only 6 interceptions. Running back Michael Pittman led the team in rushing with 718 yards and one touchdown, and caught 59 passes for 477 yards. Pro Bowl fullback Mike Alstott had 548 yards and 5 touchdowns, and also had 35 receptions for 242 yards and 2 touchdowns. Wide receiver Keyshawn Johnson led the team with 76 recpetions for 1,088 yards and 5 touchdowns, while wide receiver Keenan McCardell had 61 receptions for 670 yards and 6 touchdowns.
However, the Buccaneers' defense was still the strength of the team, leading the NFL in fewest total yards allowed (4,339), fewest passing yards allowed (2,785), fewest passing touchdowns allowed (10), and most interceptions(31). Brooks, Lynch, Sapp and lineman Simeon Rice all had Pro Bowl years. Brooks led the team with 87 tackles, and was great a pass coverage, recording 5 interceptions, 218 return yards, and 2 touchdowns. Rice led the team with 15.5 sacks. Sapp recorded 7.5 sacks and 2 interceptions. Defensive back Brian Kelly was also a big asset, leading the team with 8 interceptions.
The Raiders win without Gruden
Despite the loss of Gruden in 2002, the Raiders under their new coach Bill Callahan still managed to earn the best record in the AFC with a 12-4 record. The offense led the league in total passing yards (4,689) and ranked second in total yards gained (6,451).
Gannon had a Pro Bowl season, completing 418 out of 618 passes for 4,689 yards, 26 touchdowns, and with 10 interceptions. His 418 completions and his 10 games with over 300 passing yards were both NFL records. He also ran for 50 times for 156 yards and 3 touchdowns. Rice, who was already the NFL's all time leader in nearly every receiving record after 17 seasons, had a Pro Bowl season for the 13th time in his career with 92 receptions for 1,211 yards and 7 touchdowns. Gannon's other weapons in passing game were 13-year veteran receiver Tim Brown (81 receptions for 930 yards and 2 touchdowns) and young receiver Jerry Porter (51 receptions for 688 yards and 9 touchdowns). Multi-talented running back Charlie Garner was the team's leading rusher with 962 yards and 7 touchdowns, while also leading all NFL running backs in receiving with 91 receptions for 941 yards and another 4 touchdowns. Running back Tyrone Wheatley was also a big contributor with 419 rushing yards and 71 receiving yards. Up front, their offensive line was led by 2 Pro Bowlers, guard Lincoln Kennedy and center Barret Robbins.
The Raiders' weakness was primarily on their defense, which ranked 25th in the league in passing yards allowed (3,787) and 12th in total yards (5,240) But veteran Pro Bowl cornerback Rod Woodson recorded 8 interceptions for 225 yards and 2 touchdowns. Up front, their line was anchored by defensive tackle Roderick Coleman, who led the team with 11 sacks. Behind him, the team had a solid veteran linebacker, Bill Romanowski, who was playing in his 5th Super Bowl (after winning 2 championships with the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowls XXIII and XXIV, and 2 playing while playing for the Denver Broncos in Super Bowls XXXII and XXXIII). Defensive back Tory James was also a big contributor with 4 interceptions.
Playoffs
The Buccaneers defeated the San Francisco 49ers, 31-6, and the Philadelphia Eagles, 27-10, in the playoffs. Meanwhile, the Raiders were victorious against the New York Jets, 30-10, and the Tennessee Titans, 41-24.
Super Bowl pregame news
The Raiders entered the game favored to win their first Super Bowl in 19 years. However, much of the media hype surrounded Gruden. Many speculated on whether or not Gruden still had some idea of what Oakland's game plans would be, and how this knowledge would affect the game.
Much of the hype also centered around the Gruden trade prior to the season. This forced league commissioner Paul Tagliabue to issue a statement that he might ban all future trades for coaches involving draft choices because it might compromise the draft.
But a major distraction for the Raiders was that Robbins went missing for most of the week and ended up in the hospital. Backup Adam Treu ended up replacing Robbins in the Super Bowl.
Television and entertainment
The game was broadcast in the United States by ABC with Al Michaels handling the play-by-play duties and color commentator John Madden. Chris Berman from Disney-owned corporate sibling ESPN hosted all the events. Berman was joined by fellow ESPN analyst Steve Young, Baltimore Ravens head coach Brian Billick, and New York Giants defensive end Michael Strahan.
Pregame ceremonies
Before the game, a show called "Santana and Friends" performed on the field. Carlos Santana was joined by Beyonce Knowles and Michelle Branch and sang truncated versions of "Oye Como Va", "The Game of Love", and "Foo Foo".
In a nod to what the New England Patriots did the previous year in Super Bowl XXXVI, both teams were introduced as a team, rather than offensive and defensive starters, after highlights of their seasons were simulcast on the video boards in the stadium and on television.
Celine Dion then sang "God Bless America" and later the Dixie Chicks sang the national anthem.
To honor the 30th anniversary of the 17-0 undefeated, perfect season of the 1972 Miami Dolphins, the following members of that team appeared during the coin toss ceremony: Don Shula, Bob Griese, Larry Csonka, Larry Little, Jim Langer, Nick Buoniconti, Paul Warfield
Halftime show
Shania Twain, No Doubt, and Sting were featured during the halftime show, which was sponsored by AT&T Wireless. Twain was dressed in what many people viewed as a dominatrix-looking outfit and performed her hits "Man! I Feel Like A Woman!" and "Up!". No Doubt then sang their hit "Just A Girl" with lead singer Gwen Stefani ad-libbing lines like "I'm just a girl at the Super Bowl!" The show concluding with Sting performing "Message in a Bottle", in which Stefani joined in midway through.
The NBC network provided counter-programming against the halftime show, airing a live segment of "Weekend Update" from the comedy-variety show Saturday Night Live featuring Jimmy Fallon and Tina Fey.
Post-game ceremonies
Bon Jovi appeared as part of the post-game ceremonies, performing "It's My Life" prior to the Vince Lombardi Trophy presentation and "Everyday" afterwards (most of the latter performance was not shown on ABC because the network cut to commercials).
Game summary
As many sports fans and writers predicted, Gruden's prior knowledge of the Raiders was a major factor in the Buccaneers' win in Super Bowl XXXVII. The most damaging piece of evidence is NFL Films footage of Tampa Bay defensive back John Lynch telling his teammates during the game that almost all of the plays run by Oakland's offense were plays that Gruden specifically told them to look out for. As a result, Tampa Bay dominated Oakland, outgaining them in total yards (365 to 269), rushing yards (150 to 19), first downs (24 to 11), offensive plays (76 to 60), and forced turnovers (5 to 1).
However, the Raiders had a great chance to score a touchdown early in the game after defensive back Charles Woodson intercepted Buccaneers quarterback Brad Johnson's pass on the third play of the game and returned it to the Tampa Bay 36-yard line. But 6 plays later, Tampa Bay defensive tackle Simeon Rice sacked Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon on third down, forcing Oakland to settle for kicker Sebastian Janikowski's 40-yard field goal to give them a 3-0 lead.
The Buccaneers came back to tie the game on their next drive with kicker Martin Gramatica's 31-yard field goal. Later in the period, a 17-yard punt return by Raiders defensive back Darrien Gordon gave Oakland the ball at midfield. But Tampa Bay safety Dexter Jackson intercepted Gannon's third down pass to prevent Oakland from taking advantage of that great field position. Then nine plays after the turnover, Gramatica kicked his second field goal from 43 yards to give Tampa Bay a 6-3 lead.
Jackson intercepted another pass on the Raiders' next drive, making Jackson the first player ever to record 2 interceptions in the first half of the Super Bowl. However, the Buccaneers were unable to take advantage of the turnover and were forced to punt. Fortunantly for Tampa Bay, they got a big assist from their punter Tom Tupa, who managed to pin Oakland all the back at their own 11-yard line with his punt. The Raiders could not move the ball either, losing 1 yard on 3 plays with their ensuing drive. Tampa Bay punt returner Karl Willams then returned Shane Lechler's punt 25 yards, giving the Buccaneers great field position at Oakland's 27-yard line. With the aid of a 19-yard run by halfback Mike Pittman, the Buccaneers scored their first touchdown on a 2-yard run from fullback Mike Alstott, increasing their lead 13-3. Then with 3:45 left in the half, Tampa Bay drove 77 yards, assisted by 3 defensive penalties against Oakland and a pair of receptions by Alstott for 28 total yards. Johnson finished the drive with a 5-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Keenan McCardell to give the Buccaneers a 20-3 halftime lead.
Tampa Bay continued to dominate the game for most of the third quarter. The Buccaneers forced the Raiders to punt on the opening drive of the second half. Next, Tampa Bay marched 89 yards on a 14-plays drive that took 7:52 off the clock, and ended with Johnson's 8-yard touchdown pass to McCardell to increase their lead to 27-3. Then on the second play of Oakland's ensuing drive, Buccaneers defensive back Dwight Smith intercepted Gannon's pass and returned it 44 yards for a touchdown, making the score 34-3.
After giving up 34 unanswered points, Oakland finally managed to drive 82 yards down the field and score on a 39-yard touchdown pass from Gannon to receiver Jerry Porter. Although he was initially ruled as being out of bounds when he caught the ball, it was determined that Porter had one foot in the end zone and used it to drag the other foot out. The two-point conversion failed, so the Raiders were still down 34-9.
The Raiders' touchdown seemed to fire up their defense, who forced the Buccaneers to a fourth down on their ensuing possesion. Oakland lineman Tim Johnson then blocked Tupa's punt, and Raiders defender Eric Johnson returned the ball 13 yards for a touchdown. Another two-point conversion for Oakland failed, but Tampa Bay's lead was cut to 34-15.
Tampa Bay responded by moving the ball to the Oakland 9-yard line on their ensuing drive, but they came up empty after Tupa fumbled the snap on a field goal attempt. A few plays later, Gannon threw a 48-yard touchdown pass to wide reciever Jerry Rice with 6:06 left in the game, cutting the Raiders deficit to 34-21 after the two-point conversion failed again.
In an attempt to prevent a Raiders comeback, the Buccaneers managed to run the clock down to 2:44 on their ensuing drive before being forced to punt. Then on third and 18 from the Oakland 29-yard line, Tampa Bay linebacker Derrick Brooks intercepted a pass from Gannon and returned it 44 yards for a touchdown, giving the Buccaneers a 41-21 lead with only 1:18 left and putting the game out of reach. And a few plays later as the Raiders were now playing for pride, Smith intercepted a tipped pass and returned it 50 yards for a touchdown, making the final score 48-21.
Johnson finished the game with 18 out of 34 completions for 215 yards and 2 touchdowns, with 1 interception, along with 10 rushing yards. Pittman was the top rusher of the game with 129 yards. Alstott was the game's second leading rusher with 15 yards and a touchdown, and had 4 receptions for 43 yards. Wide receiver Keyshawn Johnson was the Buccaneers' leading receiver with 6 catches for 69 yards. Smith recorded 2 interceptions, 94 return yards, and 2 touchdowns. He also added another 23 yards on a kickoff return. Gannon finished the game 24 out of 44 for 272 yards and 2 touchdowns, but was intercepted a Super Bowl record 5 times. Raiders running back Charlie Garner was their leading rusher but with only 10 yards, and caught 7 passes for 51 yards. Rice was the Raiders' leading receiver of the game with 5 catches for 77 yards
Scoring Summary
- OAK- FG Janikowski 40
- TB- FG Gramatica 31
- TB- FG Gramatica 43
- TB- Alstott 2 run (Gramatica kick)
- TB- McCardell 5 pass from B. Johnson (Gramatica kick)
- TB- McCardell 8 pass from B. Johnson (Gramatica kick)
- TB- D.Smith 44 interception return (Gramatica kick)
- OAK- Porter 39 pass from Gannon (pass failed)
- OAK- E.Johnson 13 return of blocked punt (pass failed)
- OAK- J.Rice 48 pass from Gannon (pass failed)
- TB- Brooks 44 interception return (Gramatica kick)
- TB- D.Smith 50 interception return (Gramatica kick)
Trivia
- Surely the last Super Bowl to be played in January as the Super Bowls are now being scheduled for the first Sunday in February. Also the last Super Bowl as of now to not have a bye week in between the conference championship games and the Super Bowl.
- San Diego became the fifth city to host the game at least three times (if you combine the Super Bowls played in Los Angeles and nearby Pasadena). New Orleans has hosted it 9 times, Miami 8 times, the Los Angeles area 7 times and Tampa 3 times.
- The win by the Bucs gave the NFC a 6-0 record in games broadcasted by ABC.
- The Bucs would become the first team in Super Bowl history to go score three defensive touchdowns in a Super Bowl. The Cowboys were the only other to score multiple defensive touchdowns, when they did it in Super Bowl XXVII.
- Dexter Jackson became just the second safety and third defensive back to ever be named Super Bowl MVP.
- The team's combined for the most 2nd half points in a Super Bowl with 46 (28 for Tampa and 18 for Oakland) and the second most points in a game with 69, tying Dallas and Buffalo who combined for 69 points in Super Bowl XXVII.
- Jerry Rice's touchdown catch gave him a touchdown in four different Super Bowls, matching Thurman Thomas and John Elway as the only other players to do so.
- Keenan McCardell's 2 touchdowns is the 10th time a player has caught at least 2 touchdowns in a Super Bowl. Rice caught 3 TDs in a Super Bowl two different times when he was with the San Francisco 49ers.
See also
- 2002 NFL season
- NFL playoffs, 2002-03
References
- [http://www.superbowl.com/ Super Bowl official website]
- NFL Record and Fact Book(ISBN 193299436X)
- [http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/superbowl/ The Sporting News: History of the Super Bowl] (Last accessed December 4, 2005)
- http://www.pro-football-reference.com - Large online database of NFL data and statistics
- [http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/super/superbowl-plays.htm Super Bowl play-by-plays] from USA Today (Last accessed September 28, 2005)
- [http://www.sportsnetwork.com/default.asp?c=sportsnetwork&page=nfl/superbowl/2005/superbowl-alltime-odds.htm All-Time Super Bowl Odds] from The Sports Network (Last accessed October 16, 2005)
Super Bowl 037
Category:2003 in sports
Category:ABC Sports
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